None of the other explosions during the period produced significant SO 2 anomalies. Two notable sequences of explosions on 2 March and 13-14 May produced significant plumes of SO 2 that were measured by the TROPOMI instrument on the Sentinel-5P satellite (figure 94). Thermal activity was recorded by the MIROVA project and indicated a spike in radiative power that began in late February and lasted through May 2021, attributable to increased explosive activity (figure 93). Reports of activity during the period came from the Sinabung Observation Post (in Surbakhti, 10 km SE of the volcano) and from geoscientists monitoring seismic instruments and webcams from remote locations the combined information provides a more complete picture of activity at the volcano (table 10). Two major sets of explosions, on 2 March and 13-14 May, each produced ash plumes that rose to 12.2 km altitude, more than 10 pyroclastic flows, and significant SO 2 plumes measured by satellite instruments. Ash plumes rose 500-2,000 m above the summit (3,000-4,500 m altitude) on most days occasional larger events produced much higher plumes. Hundreds of block avalanches and tens of ash-bearing explosions were reported each month during March to mid-May 2021. Additional information comes from satellite instruments and the Indonesian National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). This report covers ongoing similar activity from March through June 2021 with information provided by Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM, the Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation), MAGMA Indonesia, and the Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC). Rock avalanches, frequent, dense, ash-bearing explosions, and periodic pyroclastic flows continued through February 2021. After a pause in activity from September 2018 through April 2019, explosions resumed during May and June 2019.
Dome growth and destruction resulted in block avalanches, multiple explosions with ash plumes, and deadly pyroclastic flows during the period. It remained quiet until September 2013 when a new eruptive phase began that continued through mid-2018. Indonesia’s Sinabung volcano in north Sumatra had its first confirmed Holocene eruption during August and September 2010. The results showed that the average of student preparedness before the given video animation media that is 74.17 and the average after given animation is 87.26.Ash plumes rise to 12.2 km with pyroclastic flows on 2 March and 13. The number of samples are 40 people who are students of grade IV, V and VI.
The type of this research is Quasi-Experimental Design with the design used is One-Group Pretest-Posttest using technique proportionate stratified random sampling. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of animated video media on student preparedness in facing volcano eruptions. This research is given to students by using animated video media containing material or information related to disaster from pre disaster, emergency response, and post disaster volcano eruption. One of the disaster mitigation efforts that can be done is to increase preparedness. The volcanic eruption disaster is an event that can be used for the environment and the livelihood of people and the environment. The Effect of Animated Video Media on Student Preparedness in Facing Volcano Eruption at SDN 2 Sidemen Karangasem 1 a SKRIPSI NI KETUT AYU PRATIWI CATUR WAHYUNI.doc
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